关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的中老年患者内侧半月板退变性损伤

目的探讨关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤的早期疗效。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年1月,西南医科大学附属医院骨关节外科收治的伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤患者26例,采取关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨的手术方式进行治疗。其中男性18例（18膝）,女性8例（8膝）：年龄43~58岁,平均（49±6）岁。所有患者均为内侧半月板退变性损伤且伴有膝内翻,均行内侧撑开胫骨高位截骨,关节镜下半月板部分切除术缓解疼痛。测量下肢机械轴通过胫骨平台的相对位置、股胫角、胫骨平台后倾角;末次随访时评估膝关节各间室骨关节炎进展情况,采用Lysholm评分、美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分和Tegner膝关节运动评分评价膝关节功能,采用视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）评价疗效。 结果本组26例患者均获随访,随访时间为1.0~2.8年,平均为（1.6±0.5）年。未发现感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成、骨不愈合或延迟愈合等并发症。下肢机械轴通过胫骨平台的相对位置由术前（21.2±3.8）%改善至（59.5±1.7）%,股胫角由术前的（172±4）°改善至（179±4）°,差异均有统计学意义（t=14.257,P<0.05;t=10.572,P<0.05）。术前胫骨平台后倾角为（7.5±2.2）°,术后为（7.9±1.9）°,差异无统计学意义（t=1.628,P>0.05）。末次随访时,患者Lysholm评分、HSS评分、Tegner评分、VAS评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（t=7.684,P<0.05;t=16.521,P<0.05;t=6.284,P<0.05;t=12.359,P<0.05）。 结论关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨治疗伴膝内翻的内侧半月板退变性损伤,能够有效改善下肢力线和缓解关节疼痛,早期临床疗效满意。     

Strength, balance, and the modifying effects of obesity and knee pain: results from the Observational Arthritis Study in Seniors (oasis)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between muscular strength and dynamic balance in a sample of older adults with knee pain and to determine the role that obesity and severity of knee pain play in the ability to maintain balance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study designed to examine the association between strength and balance in a cohort of older adults with chronic knee pain. SETTING: A university health and exercise science center. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 480 adults age 65 and older with knee pain. MEASUREMENTS: Force platform dynamic balance measure of the center of pressure excursion during a forward and subsequent backward lean. Isokinetic strength measures of concentric and eccentric knee flexion and extension and concentric ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Body mass index (BMI) and a knee pain scale were used to measure obesity and knee pain, respectively. RESULTS: A regression model was developed to investigate the relationship between dynamic balance and muscular strength while controlling for gender, BMI, radiographic severity, knee pain, and foot length. Knee strength alone explained 18.4% of the variability in dynamic balance. The addition of knee pain, BMI, radiographic severity, gender, and foot length explained an additional 6.7%. When the knee-ankle interaction, ankle strength, and knee strength--pain interaction variables were added to the regression model, 28.9% of the variability in dynamic balance was explained. CONCLUSIONS: Strength appears to play a significant role in maintaining balance in an older, osteoarthritic population. We found that mean knee strength accounted for approximately 19% of the variability in dynamic balance. Hence, greater knee strength was associated with better dynamic balance. The best dynamic balance performances occurred in participants that had a combination of strong knees and strong ankles. However, knee osteoarthritic patients with weak knee strength could still maintain high levels of dynamic balance by having strong ankle strength. Moreover, we have shown that obesity is associated with attenuated dynamic balance performance and that poorer balance is associated with higher pain scores in the presence of weaker knees. For stronger knees, however, pain does not appear to be related to balance.     

Interobserver reproducibility of quantitative meniscus analysis using coronal multiplanar DESS and IWTSE MR imaging

The objective of this study was to determine the interobserver reproducibility of quantitative measures of meniscus size and position, and to compare the interobserver reproducibility and agreement between a double echo steady state water excitation and an intermediately-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence. Eight knees (four healthy, four with radiographic knee osteoarthritis) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort were studied. Manual segmentation of the menisci was performed by three observers and quantitative measures of meniscus size and position (i.e., extrusion) computed using image analysis software. The root mean square interobserver reproducibility error (e.g., 5.4% for medial meniscus volume with double echo steady state and 8.4% with intermediately-weighted turbo spin-echo) was found considerably smaller than the intersubject variability (average ratio ~1:3). The lowest interobserver reproducibility error for meniscus extrusion was obtained for the central five coronal slices across the tibial surface. Quantitative meniscus measures from double echo steady state and intermediately-weighted turbo spin-echo were highly correlated (r = 0.71 to 0.99 for the medial meniscus).     

L3~5节段退变性疾病融合与非融合术式的选择

目的：比较采用动态中和固定系统( Dynesys)及腰椎后路椎间融合术( PLIF)治疗L3~5节段退变疾病的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用 Dynesys 及 PLIF 手术治疗L3~5节段退变疾病患者46例,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术前、术后3个月及末次随访时腰腿疼痛视觉模拟( VAS)评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数( ODI)、手术节段及临近节段活动度( ROM)变化。结果46例患者均获随访,Dynesys组平均随访时间(20±7)个月,手术时间(168±19)min,出血量(481±169)ml,术后住院时间(9±2)d,PLIF组平均随访时间(16±6)个月,手术时间(204±20) min,出血量(635±168) ml,术后住院时间(8±2) d;两组患者腰腿痛VAS评分、ODI评分在术后3个月及末次随访时较术前有明显的改善(P<0．05),两组间术前、术后3个月及末次随访时评分差异均无统计学意义。 Dynesys组手术节段术后ROM较术前减低(P<0．05),PLIF组手术节段ROM在术后消失,两组临近节段ROM在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时无明显改变;两组间手术节段ROM在术后3个月及末次随访时差异有统计学意义( P<0．05),临近节段ROM差异无统计学意义。结论在治疗L3~5节段退变疾病时Dynesys和PLIF手术均可取得良好的手术治疗效果,但Dynesys具有较短的手术时间及更少的术中出血量,可保留手术节段一定的活动度,因此在具有相同手术适应症的L3~5节段腰椎退变性患者建议行Dynesys手术治疗。     

T1ρ MRI of human musculoskeletal system

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the direct visualization of the human musculoskeletal (MSK) system, especially all diarthrodial tissues including cartilage, bone, menisci, ligaments, tendon, hip, synovium, etc. Conventional MRI techniques based on T₁‐ and T₂‐weighted, proton density (PD) contrast are inconclusive in quantifying early biochemically degenerative changes in MSK system in general and articular cartilage in particular. In recent years, quantitative MR parameter mapping techniques have been used to quantify the biochemical changes in articular cartilage, with a special emphasis on evaluating joint injury, cartilage degeneration, and soft tissue repair. In this article we focus on cartilage biochemical composition, basic principles of T_1ρ MRI, implementation of T_1ρ pulse sequences, biochemical validation, and summarize the potential applications of the T_1ρ MRI technique in MSK diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and knee joint repair. Finally, we also review the potential advantages, challenges, and future prospects of T_1ρ MRI for widespread clinical translation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:586–600. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.